Data validation testing

Data validation testing is the process of verifying the accuracy, completeness, and reliability of data within a system by checking that it meets predefined rules, constraints, and quality standards before it is used, imported, or processed, ensuring data integrity and minimizing the risk of errors or inconsistencies that could impact business operations or decision-making

Reflected cross-site scripting allows attackers to inject malicious scripts via URLs, executing unauthorized code in a victim’s browser to steal sessions or data1.
Stored cross-site scripting persists malicious scripts on servers, enabling widespread data theft or account compromise across multiple users.
HTTP verb tampering manipulates request methods to bypass authentication and perform unauthorized actions like data access or deletion.
HTTP Parameter pollution/manipulation injects multiple parameters to bypass validation, leading to unexpected behavior or security control evasion.
SQL injection exploits database queries to access, modify, or delete sensitive data, often compromising entire systems.
LDAP injection targets directory services to extract sensitive information or bypass authentication mechanisms.
ORM injection manipulates object-relational mapping layers to alter queries, enabling unauthorized data access or manipulation.
XML injection modifies XML input to expose data, execute remote code, or trigger denial-of-service attacks.
SSI injection injects server-side directives to execute arbitrary commands, modify content, or access protected files.
XPath injection manipulates XML query logic to retrieve unauthorized data or bypass authentication.
IMAP/SMTP injection exploits email protocols to execute commands, steal credentials, or relay spam.
Code injection inserts malicious code into applications, compromising functionality or enabling remote control.
Local/remote file inclusion forces servers to execute malicious files, leading to data leaks or system takeover.
Command injection executes arbitrary OS commands, enabling server compromise or lateral network movement.
Buffer overflow overwrites memory to crash applications or execute malicious code.
Heap overflow corrupts dynamic memory to manipulate program behavior or escalate privileges.
Stack overflow disrupts call stacks to hijack execution flow and inject payloads.
Format string manipulation exploits formatting functions to read memory or write arbitrary data.
Incubated vulnerabilities leverage delayed payload activation to evade detection during initial security checks.
HTTP splitting/smuggling manipulates request/response sequences to bypass filters, hijack sessions, or poison caches.

Each risk underscores the critical need for rigorous input validation, output encoding, and security testing to mitigate vulnerabilities across application layers.