Proper error handling is critical for maintaining application security. Common issues include:

1. Information Leakage via Error Messages
Revealing sensitive details (database schemas, server paths, API keys) in error messages provides attackers with reconnaissance data. For example, stack traces often expose internal structures, library versions, and code paths that can be exploited.

2. Stack Trace Exposure
Stack traces are not inherently vulnerabilities but act as reconnaissance tools:

  • Version Disclosure: Expose software/library versions vulnerable to known exploits.
  • Architecture Insights: Reveal backend technologies (e.g., database types, programming languages).
  • Attack Surface Identification: Highlight unprotected code paths or misconfigurations.

3. Error Code Analysis Risks
HTTP/application-specific error codes can be weaponized:

  • Enumeration Attacks: Codes like “Invalid User” vs. “Invalid Password” aid credential stuffing
  • System Mapping: 500-series errors expose server misconfigurations, while 400-series errors reveal client-side validation flaws