How a Simple Test Brought Down a Server You sanitized your input fields for XSS? You might have opened a new door for attackers… Imagine this: You’re a developer at your company. After a penetration test, several issues were found in your app, some input fields have no limits on length or content. This leaves […]
Sandwich Attacks: From Reset Password to Account Takeover
Once Upon a Password Reset… You’ve just forgotten your password for a website. No big deal, you click “Forgot Password,” they send you a link, and you reset it. At the time the feature was designed, it was decided that this reset link would include a UUID token. The reasoning seemed sound—since UUIDs are unique, […]
Firestore Database – Black Box Security Testing Guide – Go Beyond *.firebaseio.com/.json
Incentives Firestore security is an important topic for modern applications. Its wide usage and serverless architecture may cause security issues in the areas such as authentication, authorization, and data exposure. Especially they are exposed to data leakages, which may be caused by a non-serveless design approach. In a world of multi-tier applications, using a backend […]
A Guide For Advanced Message Protected API Hacking Using Hackvertor and Burp (Part #2)
More up-to-date Hackvertor game-changer techniques, code examples, and tips for advanced penetration testing and bug bounty. Intro Hackvertor is a Burp extension that programmatically extends Burp capabilities, by allowing you to embed neat code logic directly into HTTP requests sent/proxies by Burp and its extensions. Similar to Postman pre-request scripts. Here, I will try to […]
Advanced Testing Of Web Application With Custom Message Signing Using Hackvertor (Part #1)
Introduction Many of us have probably been faced with testing an application with custom HTTP request authentication or message signing. The requests from these applications can be proxied but they have built-in replay protection mechanisms in some form. As such, it isn’t possible to resend these requests outside of the application therefore making all external […]
Firebase Applications – The Untold Attack Surface
Introduction In this blogpost, we will review some of the basic components of a Firebase application from a Security Perspective and talk about common issues that don’t get enough attention. What is Firebase? Firebase is a complete backend as a service with many different features that we can plug straight into our applications. For example: There […]
Understanding the Android clearTextTrafficPermitted Flag
Introduction The cleartextTrafficPermitted flag is one of the options in Android’s Network Security Configuration file. The online documentation (https://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-config) explains that from Android 9 (API level 28) and higher, it will be set by default to false and it is intended to prevent insecure communication attempts using clear-text HTTP originating from Android applications. OK, so what does this […]
A Taxonomy on Brute Force Attacks
A brute force attack is a well-known technique of trial and error attempts used by attackers to gain access to unauthorized data. It can be leveraged against servers as an online attack and also against files as a local attack. The common denominator of all these types is that the same pattern is almost always […]